Analyzing Text
The purpose of this document is to describe the theory about text description and analysis developing comprehension reading skills.
Text structure refers to how the information within a written text is organized. Readers experience a variety of text structures. Identifying the structure of a text helps readers read efficiently. Readers select specific comprehension strategies that fit a particular text based on knowledge of how the information is organized. Readers can anticipate what information will be revealed in a selection when they understand text structure. Understanding the pattern of the text helps readers organize ideas for synthesizing and summarizing.
Chronological/Sequence
Chronological articles reveal events in a sequence from beginning to end. Words that signal chronological structures include: first, then, next, finally, and specific dates and times.
Cause/Effect
Informational text often describes cause and effect relationships. The text describes events and identifies or implies causal factors.
Problem/Solution
The text introduces and describes a problem and presents solutions.
Compare/Contrast
Authors use comparisons to describe ideas to readers. Similes, metaphors, and analogies are used in compare/contrast organizational structures.
Description
Sensory details help readers visualize information.
Directions
How-to texts frame the information in a series of directions.
Analyzing Text
Analysing text is to make a description about how a sequence of paragraphs makes easy to understand what the writer wants to communicate.
The three phases of textual analysis:
Phase 1: INTRODUCTION
The goal for this phase if for students to be proficient at the pre-reading strategies of textual analysis:
This phase makes possible predictions about the text.
Before Reading:
Step 1: Read the title and introduction.
Step 2: Look at the pictures and read the captions.
Step 3: Read the first two sentences and subheadings.
Step 4: Brainstorm what you already know and predict what the text may be about.
During Reading:
Step 5: Read and label the questions.
Step 6: Read the passage.
After Reading:
Step 7: Answer the questions.
Step 8: Prove your answers.
Step 9: Check your work.
Phase 2: PRACTICE
In this phase the reader is able to understand the purpose of the writer throughout the lecture.
Before Reading:
Steps 1-4: Use the title, introduction, pictures, captions, first two sentences, and subheadings to make an informed prediction about the topic and/or main idea of the text.
During Reading:
Step 5: Read and label the questions.
Step 6: Read the passage.
After Reading:
Step 7: Answer the questions.
Step 8: Prove your answers.
Step 9: Check your work
Phase 3: APPLICATION
Textual analysis is a means for structuring and facilitating the conversation.
References
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